Useful when shoulder, knee, hip or low back pain is stuck. It argues against telling patients that pain improves only when strength rises, and it gives permission to use walking, general movement and preference-led exercise while reviewing obvious non-responders more critically.

Chronic musculoskeletal pain should not be explained only through weakness or posture. Keep exercise first-line, but frame benefit around function, confidence and movement tolerance, and match the format to patient preference rather than forcing strengthening alone.

Serial assessment matters: a normal first pitch-side check does not rule out concussion. Head injury decisions improve when clinicians use video-supported review, remove athletes for quieter reassessment, and plan follow-up because symptoms can emerge after play.