Anal pain, bleeding, itching or a lump can look like piles while still needing anal cancer awareness. The focus is HPV-related high-grade AIN, people assigned female at birth, digital anorectal examination, high-resolution anoscopy and risk factors such as HIV, smoking and immunosuppression.

Do not let a well-looking newborn, a single early antenatal test, or the word historical reassure you here. The teaching is practical: congenital syphilis can present as rash, nasal discharge, prematurity, or sepsis-like illness, and prevention depends on repeat maternal screening and prompt penicillin.