Trial results can look persuasive when the outcome is only a scan marker or physiological target. This journal club is strongest for emergency clinicians deciding whether whole blood, PE intervention, spinal cord MAP targets or new gonorrhoea antibiotics are ready for local practice.

This journal club sharpens emergency decision-making: a stable blunt traumatic pneumothorax may not need immediate drainage, underpowered trials do not prove no benefit, and intracerebral haemorrhage care worsens when blood pressure treatment overshoots. The bedside lesson is to protect physiology before reflex protocol use.