Paediatric non-shockable cardiac arrest is treated as a timing and task-allocation problem, not a rigid airway-versus-adrenaline sequence. The same Primary Survey also checks where HEMS may support major trauma care and how online surveys can be distorted by impostor responses.

Routine clerking gets safer when oxygen has a stated target, the 88–92% range is kept in mind for hypercapnia risk, and vaping is asked about alongside smoking. It also helps explain why longer, sicker ED stays are still rising pressure even when attendance totals plateau.