Emergency, paediatric and orthopaedic clinicians get an evidence review spanning extremity imaging rules, delayed subarachnoid haemorrhage diagnosis and distal radius fracture analgesia. Paediatric ankle rules are distinguished from less certain wrist evidence, while delayed sudden headache, lumbar puncture decisions and haematoma block implementation remain practical front-door concerns.

Emergency clinicians get a broad review spanning stimulant toxicity, assault-related trauma, restraint-associated deterioration, acute scrotal pain, pneumomediastinum and nasal high-flow oxygen. TWIST scoring and ultrasound may support assessment of suspected testicular torsion, but neither should delay surgical escalation when the clinical picture remains concerning.

Paediatric non-shockable cardiac arrest is treated as a timing and task-allocation problem, not a rigid airway-versus-adrenaline sequence. The same Primary Survey also checks where HEMS may support major trauma care and how online surveys can be distorted by impostor responses.

Routine clerking gets safer when oxygen has a stated target, the 88–92% range is kept in mind for hypercapnia risk, and vaping is asked about alongside smoking. It also helps explain why longer, sicker ED stays are still rising pressure even when attendance totals plateau.