Developmental delay should be judged against thresholds, not reassurance alone. No words at 16 months or no sitting at 9 months warrants assessment, and early hand preference before 18 months can signal hemiplegic cerebral palsy rather than normal variation.

Iron deficiency anaemia in children is often hiding in the diet history. Microcytosis, low ferritin, pica and poor growth should prompt questions about excess cow’s milk, selective eating and menstruation, with treatment focused on oral iron plus correcting the cause.

Paediatric anaemia work-up starts with pattern recognition, not iron tablets alone. Reticulocyte count is the pivot: a raised count suggests haemolysis or blood loss, while a low count points towards reduced production and should trigger more targeted investigation.

Personality disorder assessment still starts with risk. Do not dismiss self-harm, suicidality or harm to others as 'just personality'; identify persistent interpersonal and emotional patterns, then prioritise psychological therapy and crisis planning over long-term sedative prescribing.