Paediatric, oncology and orthopaedic clinicians get a focused review of persistent focal bone pain, night waking, swelling, palpable mass and restricted joint movement. It links very urgent plain radiography with characteristic aggressive bone changes, specialist staging, biopsy, chemotherapy, surgical resection and sarcoma multidisciplinary care.

Paediatric, infectious-diseases and orthopaedic clinicians get a high-stakes review of focal bone pain, limp, reduced limb use and refusal to bear weight. Fever, inflammatory markers and early X-rays may all be reassuring despite infection, so persistent suspicion should lead to cultures, MRI, intravenous antibiotics and surgical review when complications develop.

Paediatric emergency and orthopaedic clinicians get a focused review of slipped upper femoral epiphysis in adolescents with hip, groin, thigh or referred knee pain. A painful limp, external rotation and restricted internal rotation should prompt immediate non-weight-bearing precautions, hip X-rays and urgent orthopaedic assessment.

Paediatric, emergency and orthopaedic clinicians get a focused review of gradual limp, hip or groin pain, restricted movement and referred knee pain in children aged 4–10 years. Plain X-ray, early imaging limitations, MRI, urgent referral, activity advice and femoral head containment shape assessment and management.

Paediatric, emergency and orthopaedic clinicians get a focused review of hip pain, groin pain, limp and refusal to walk in children aged 3–10 years. Transient synovitis is linked to recent viral illness, but septic arthritis, fracture, fever, systemic illness and failure to improve remain key safety-net triggers.

Paediatric emergency, infectious-diseases and orthopaedic clinicians get a high-stakes review of acute monoarticular pain, swelling, reduced range of movement and refusal to weight bear. The episode keeps causative organisms, joint fluid diagnosis, urgent washout and intravenous antibiotics tied to early escalation.

Paediatric, emergency and orthopaedic clinicians get an age-structured review of limp, refusal to weight bear and antalgic gait. Toddler’s fracture, transient synovitis, Perthes disease, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, Osgood-Schlatter disease, infection, malignancy and maltreatment are linked to red-flag screening and joint-above-joint-below examination.

Paediatric emergency, paediatric and orthopaedic clinicians get a concise fracture-pattern review. Children’s flexible bones, strong periosteum, growth plates, Salter-Harris classification, greenstick and buckle fractures, analgesia, neurovascular assessment, X-ray description, immobilisation, complications and safeguarding are all covered.

Paediatric, ENT and primary-care clinicians get a focused neck-lump review. A soft, round lateral swelling along the anterior border of the upper sternocleidomastoid suggests branchial cyst, while a skin pit, discharge, recurrent infection, fistula features, transillumination and ultrasound findings guide diagnosis and referral.

Paediatric, ENT and primary-care clinicians get a concise neck-lump review. A midline or near-midline soft, fluctuant lump that moves upwards with tongue protrusion suggests thyroglossal cyst, with ultrasound, infection recognition, ectopic thyroid tissue and Sistrunk procedure shaping assessment and referral.