Paediatric, emergency and orthopaedic clinicians get a focused review of gradual limp, hip or groin pain, restricted movement and referred knee pain in children aged 4–10 years. Plain X-ray, early imaging limitations, MRI, urgent referral, activity advice and femoral head containment shape assessment and management.

Paediatric, emergency and orthopaedic clinicians get a focused review of hip pain, groin pain, limp and refusal to walk in children aged 3–10 years. Transient synovitis is linked to recent viral illness, but septic arthritis, fracture, fever, systemic illness and failure to improve remain key safety-net triggers.

Paediatric emergency, infectious-diseases and orthopaedic clinicians get a high-stakes review of acute monoarticular pain, swelling, reduced range of movement and refusal to weight bear. The episode keeps causative organisms, joint fluid diagnosis, urgent washout and intravenous antibiotics tied to early escalation.

Paediatric, emergency and orthopaedic clinicians get an age-structured review of limp, refusal to weight bear and antalgic gait. Toddler’s fracture, transient synovitis, Perthes disease, slipped upper femoral epiphysis, Osgood-Schlatter disease, infection, malignancy and maltreatment are linked to red-flag screening and joint-above-joint-below examination.

Paediatric emergency, paediatric and orthopaedic clinicians get a concise fracture-pattern review. Children’s flexible bones, strong periosteum, growth plates, Salter-Harris classification, greenstick and buckle fractures, analgesia, neurovascular assessment, X-ray description, immobilisation, complications and safeguarding are all covered.

Paediatric, ENT and primary-care clinicians get a focused neck-lump review. A soft, round lateral swelling along the anterior border of the upper sternocleidomastoid suggests branchial cyst, while a skin pit, discharge, recurrent infection, fistula features, transillumination and ultrasound findings guide diagnosis and referral.

Paediatric, ENT and primary-care clinicians get a concise neck-lump review. A midline or near-midline soft, fluctuant lump that moves upwards with tongue protrusion suggests thyroglossal cyst, with ultrasound, infection recognition, ectopic thyroid tissue and Sistrunk procedure shaping assessment and referral.

Paediatric and ENT clinicians get an overview of congenital lymphatic malformations presenting as soft, non-tender, transilluminating neck or axillary swellings. Feeding difficulty, dysphagia, breathing problems, infection or haemorrhage require escalation, while uncomplicated lesions may be observed or considered for sclerotherapy or surgery.

Paediatric, ENT and primary-care clinicians get a focused review of ankyloglossia. Tongue appearance and movement are considered alongside latch, clicking, feed duration, weight gain and maternal nipple symptoms, with monitoring for effective feeding and frenotomy reserved for symptomatic cases.

Paediatric and ENT teams get an overview of cleft lip and palate, with early priorities around feeding, swallowing and specialist cleft-service referral. It also covers surgical timing, speech, hearing, dental development and psychosocial follow-up.